A hydrocyclone sand separator isa device that uses centrifugal force to separate heavier sand and solid particles from a liquid, typically water. It features a conical design where the liquid is fed tangentially, creating a swirling "cyclone" effect. This motion flings heavier particles to the outer wall, where they spiral down and exit through a bottom opening (underflow), while cleaner liquid moves up the center to exit from the top (overflow). These separators are often used as a pre-filtration step to protect downstream equipment from abrasion and clogging.
How it works
Inlet:The liquid and solid mixture is pumped into the separator tangentially at the top.
Cyclone action:The tangential entry creates a vortex or cyclone within the conical body, accelerating the liquid.
Centrifugal force:The spinning action throws the denser, heavier particles, like sand, to the outside wall of the separator.
Separation:These heavier particles spiral down the conical wall and collect in the underflow chamber at the bottom.
Clean liquid:The cleaner, lighter liquid moves up the center of the vortex and exits through the top outlet.
Key characteristics
No moving parts:Hydrocyclones have no screens or moving parts, which means there is no risk of clogging by solid buildup and they require less maintenance than traditional filters.
Pre-filtration:They are typically used as a pre-filter to handle large volumes of sand before finer filtration, preventing damage to more sensitive components.
Flow-dependent:Their efficiency depends on maintaining a specific flow rate, so they may not work effectively if the flow is too low.
Maintenance:The underflow chamber must be periodically flushed or drained to remove the collected solids.
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