A water cooling tower isa heat exchanger that removes waste heat from a building or industrial process by transferring it to the atmosphere, primarily through the evaporation of a small portion of water. Warm water from a system, like an HVAC chiller or industrial machinery, is sprayed or allowed to fall through the tower, where it comes into direct contact with air. The evaporation of a small amount of water causes significant cooling of the remaining water, which is then recirculated back to the system, while the heat is released into the atmosphere.
Key functions and principles
Heat rejection:The primary purpose of a cooling tower is to reject waste heat from a process to the outside air.
Evaporative cooling:The most critical cooling mechanism is evaporation, which accounts for the vast majority of heat loss and is more efficient than dry cooling.
Air and water contact:Cooling towers facilitate direct contact between water and air to maximize heat transfer.
Recirculation:The cooled water is collected at the bottom and returned to the system to repeat the cooling process.
Components:These towers contain components like "fill" (slats that increase the surface area for water and air contact), drift eliminators to prevent water loss, and fans to force air through the system (in mechanical draft towers).
Common uses
HVAC systems for commercial buildings
Industrial manufacturing
Power generation
Chemical processing plants
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