A square cooling tower is an evaporative cooling system with a rectangular or box-like shape that removes heat from water using a counter-flow principle, where air moves vertically upwards against the downward flow of water. Its square design is space-efficient, making it suitable for rooftops or tight industrial layouts, and its modular construction allows for scalability. Key features include durable, corrosion-resistant materials like Fiberglass Reinforced Polyester (FRP) and PVC, uniform water distribution via spray nozzles, and drift eliminators to minimize water loss.
Key features and principles
Counter-flow design: Heated water is pumped to the top and sprayed through nozzles, creating a fine mist as it flows down over a fill material.
Air movement: A fan draws air in from the sides and pulls it upwards through the tower, directly opposing the water's downward path.
Heat exchange: As the water and air move past each other, a small amount of water evaporates, which removes heat from the remaining water, lowering its temperature.
Drift eliminators: These are mounted above the water distribution system to capture water droplets that could be carried out by the fan, minimizing water loss to about
0.02%0.02 %
0.02%
.
Construction materials: The casing is often made of corrosion-resistant FRP, while internal fills and drift eliminators are typically made of PVC, which is lightweight and durable.
Modular design: Square towers are often modular, allowing for multiple units to be installed side-by-side or for capacity to be expanded by adding more modules later.
Advantages
Space efficiency: The square shape allows for more efficient use of space, especially in applications with limited floor area.
Uniform performance: The design promotes even distribution of both water and airflow, leading to consistent cooling performance.
Easy maintenance: Access to internal parts is generally straightforward, facilitating maintenance and cleaning.
Structural stability: The square base provides a balanced load distribution, which minimizes vibration and enhances structural integrity, particularly when installed on elevated platforms.
Cost-effectiveness: Square towers are often considered a cost-effective alternative to other types of cooling towers
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